Anais
Resumo do trabalho
Estudos Organizacionais · Organizações Alternativas
Título
AN ANALYSIS OF GOVERNANCE IN COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM (CBT) IN LIGHT OF HALL’S TYPOLOGY: between ruptures and the inertia of traditional organizing
Palavras-chave
Organizing
Tourism Governance
Community-Based Tourism
Agradecimento:
Agradecimentos à Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina (FAPESC) –Bolsa de Pós-Doutorado.
Autores
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KELLEN DA SILVA COELHOUNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA (UFSC)
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Francisco Antônio dos Anjos
Resumo
Introdução
Questions about the functional paradigm of urban planning gained traction, especially after the 1980s. In Brazil, movements such as the “National Urban Reform Movement” united diverse interests and fostered political participation in a society previously distanced from decisions on territorial public policies. In the tourism field, community-based tourism—although not yet consolidated as a term—emerged as a critique of the conventional model influenced by neoliberal principles and a logic marked by domination and capital interests.
Problema de Pesquisa e Objetivo
Understanding tourism governance is fundamental, and Hall’s (2011) typology offers a framework for analysis. Thus, the research question arises: how is tourism governance presented in scientific articles on CBT published over the last two decades? This study aims to analyze tourism governance in these articles, specifically identifying different organizational forms and classifying the predominant type of governance in each, as well as discussing the most common model among them.
Fundamentação Teórica
CBT ideally positions communities as protagonists by promoting participation, local empowerment, and sustainability. However, CBT is diverse, and each initiative has its own organizational form (BARTHOLO et al., 2009). An alternative to managerialism is considered most coherent in the CBT context, given its counter-hegemonic stance against market-driven tourism. Therefore, Hall’s (2011) typology—hierarchy, markets, networks, and communities—was chosen as the basis for understanding tourism governance nuances.
Discussão
Community governance, often hybridized with networks, predominated among the articles analyzed. The studies revealed community centrality and protagonism, with horizontal decision-making and the valuing of local knowledge and self-esteem. Although one article pointed to incipient governance and another to implicit hierarchical elements, tensions between intentions and actual practices were observed. Infrastructure challenges and political dependency frequently hindered these efforts.
Conclusão
Community and networked governance, predominant in the analyzed articles, are marked by paradoxes. Their abstract approach displaces practices, obscures power asymmetries, and reinforces bureaucratic logic. “Pseudo-participation” in CBT, simulating community input, echoes critiques by MNRU and Maricato. While labeled as community-driven, initiatives often depend on external funding and managerialism. This ambivalence between alternative principles and conventional logics calls for the repoliticization of CBT, focusing on real dynamics and embracing its incompleteness.
Contribuição / Impacto
In the fields of Management and Tourism, this study contributes to repositioning organizational theory by analyzing alternative organizational arrangements in peripheral or marginalized contexts. It highlights dynamics of participation, autonomy, and territoriality in CBT, along with their contradictions. In doing so, it prompts reflection on organizing beyond traditional managerialism, in alignment with CBT’s counter-hegemonic stance against market-centered tourism.
Referências Bibliográficas
BARTHOLO, R.; SANSOLO, D. G.; BURSZTYN, I.. Turismo de base comunitária: Diversidade de olhares e experiências brasileiras. Rio de Janeiro: Letra e Imagem, 2009. 501p.
BÖHM, S. Repositioning organization theory. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
HALL, C. M. A typology of governance and its implications for tourism policy analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, v. 19, n. 4–5, p. 437–457, maio-junho 2011.
MISOCZKY, M. C.; FLORES, R. K.; BÖHM, S. A práxis da resistência e a hegemonia da organização. Organizações e sociedade, v. 15, n. 45, abr./jun. 2008.
BÖHM, S. Repositioning organization theory. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
HALL, C. M. A typology of governance and its implications for tourism policy analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, v. 19, n. 4–5, p. 437–457, maio-junho 2011.
MISOCZKY, M. C.; FLORES, R. K.; BÖHM, S. A práxis da resistência e a hegemonia da organização. Organizações e sociedade, v. 15, n. 45, abr./jun. 2008.