Resumo

Brazil is one of the largest grain producers and exporters in the world, as highlighted by Aragão and Contini (2020), from the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa). Data from the trade balance corroborate the importance of this commodity for the country´s production and trade sector, by revealing that the export basket of Brazilian agribusiness is concentrated in five sectors, namely: soy complex; meat; forest products; sugar and alcohol complex; and preparations of cereals and flours (Brasil, 2022).

Given the importance of rice production in the global context and considering the potential of this sector for Brazilian international trade, as well as the characteristics of the rice producing states and the difficulties faced by producers, this study aims to identify the contribution of each state for the competitiveness of Brazilian rice exports. To this end, a performance matrix of the rice exporting states was built for the period from 1999 to 2021, following the model proposed by Farias et al. (2018), which is based on the Revealed Comparative Advantage index and on the Relative Index.

The importance of international trade is related to its ability to expand consumer markets for the population of a country, to the mitigation of internal risks through the diversification of internal markets, and to the possibility of obtaining new raw materials, technologies and new alternatives for production. Considering its relevance, commercial relations have been the object of study of economic sciences since its inception.

Initially, the theoretical and methodological aspects necessary to obtain the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and the Relative Position (RPI) indices are detailed. Subsequently, the steps required for the construction of the performance matrix by Farias et al. (2018) for the rice sector are presented, as well as a description of the data used.

Empirical data cover the period from 1999 to 2021 and were collected from the Comex Stat database. The results indicated that the efficient states in the rice sector were Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima and Rondônia, but only the first two can be considered efficient and with an increasing trend.

This study identified the level of competitiveness of Brazilian exporting states of rice, by calculating the Revealed Comparative Advantage index (IVCR) and the Relative Position index (IPR), and by elaborating the performance matrix proposed by Farias et al. (2018). The results show that only Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia and Roraima have revealed comparative advantages in the export of rice, and are, at the same time, efficient in the commercialization of this commodity in the foreign market.

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