Resumo

The paper analyzes how, based on analysis of findings and results obtained by Janice Perlman in studies about the Catacumba favela (RJ), and in the light of the perspective of Bourdieu's theory of practical action, the notions of habitus and dépaysement are mobilized through different strategies - stereotyping, mythification, cooptation, uprooting, disenchantment, coercion -, as well as their impacts on the disruption of traditional forms of social structuring, aggregation, agency and socialization.

The research question that guided this article can be summarized as follows: In which way the notions of habitus and dépaysement are mobilized through different strategies, as well as their impacts on the disruption of traditional forms of social structuring, aggregation, agency and socialization? It also aims to highlight the categories, dimensions and variables investigated concerning the ongoing transition to the fourth industrial revolution, notably along with "marginal" strata - "outliers" - of the population of economies located on the fringes of the global economy, such as Brazil.

Between 1954 and 1960, in the midst of war, over two million Algerian peasants - a quarter of the population - were forcibly displaced. Taken from their homes and villages, they were resettled in camps controlled by the French military in what is known as one of the largest rural population displacements in world history. In this context, Bourdieu and some collaborators set out to examine the transformations in the fundamental structures of the economy and in the peasants’ thinking (Bourdieu, 1977, 1962, 1958; Bourdieu, Darbel, Rivet, Seibel, 1977; Bourdieu & Sayad, 1964).

Re-reading of the Catacumba experience may be relevant, not only to the more systemic insertion of the theme in the agenda of strategic priorities of organizations of such economies, but also to the formulation of public policies that allow dealing with the impacts of such a process, as well as the development of local leaders capable of confronting them, and, in particular, the mobilization of distinctive capital in these clusters, which, paradoxically, are essential to the stage of production processes and regulation of (post-)work, marked by flexibility and precariousness.

Contrary to criticisms that suggest that Bourdieu's sociological approach was restricted to the study of the inherent dynamics of industrial society, by ignoring transition processes and coexistence with post-industrial society, the studies of Perlman (2002) are revisited in the light of Bourdieusian notions of habitus and dépaysement, myths are deconstructed as to their potential, not only in the analysis of “modernization” processes inherent in previous stages, but also in the ongoing transition to the fourth industrial revolution, catalyzed by the Covid 19 pandemic.

Bourdieu, P. (2021) The disenchantment of the world. São Paulo: Perspectiva. Bourdieu, P. (2000) Esquisse d’une théoire de la pratique: Précédé de trois études d’ethomologie Kalybe. Paris: Seuil. Bourdieu, P. (2000) Making the economic habitus: Algerian workers revisited. Ethnography, v. 1, n. 1, p. 17-41. Bourdieu, P. (1964) Le Déracinement: La crise de l'agriculture traditionnelle en Algérie. Paris: Minuit Perlman, J. E. (2002) The myth of marginality: Slums and politics in Rio de Janeiro. Santos, M. (2012) O espaço dividido. São Paulo: EDUSP.