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Agribusiness · Estratégia e Competitividade nas cadeias agrícolas

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Título

Mapping the Value Chain of a Coffee Farm in the Interior of São Paulo: A Case Study Exploring Blockchain for Process Enhancement

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Palavras-chave

coffee blockchain value chain
Agradecimento: The authors express their gratitude to CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) for providing scholarships that enabled the participation of some of the researchers in this study.

Autores

  • Luis Fernando Panicachi Cocovilo Filho
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS (UNICAMP)
  • Débora Dias Panicachi
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS (UNICAMP)
  • Paulo Sergio de Arruda Ignacio
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS (UNICAMP)
  • Eric David Cohen
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS (UNICAMP)

Resumo

Introdução

Coffee is a globally significant beverage with a complex value chain spanning cultivation to retail. Brazil leads global production, yet research integrating technologies like blockchain into smallholder contexts remains scarce, particularly in São Paulo's interior. This study maps the value chain of a coffee farm in this understudied region, detailing processes, methods, and chain formation. We further evaluate blockchain's potential to enhance traceability, productivity, and sustainability, addressing critical literature gaps identified through bibliometric analysis.

Problema de Pesquisa e Objetivo

The research problem centers on the lack of studies exploring blockchain integration in Brazilian coffee value chains despite its potential for optimization. The objective is to map the farm’s value chain, identify actors and interactions, and evaluate how blockchain can improve transparency, efficiency, and value creation, using empirical evidence and international benchmarking.

Fundamentação Teórica

This study draws upon Porter’s (1985) value-chain framework, which underpins actor interdependencies and value creation. Complementarily, Babu et al. (2019) examine value-chain upgrading strategies for integrating small coffee growers into global markets, highlighting how collective organization, market linkages, and technology adoption (e.g., blockchain) empower producers to capture greater value. This aligns with the present research’s focus on leveraging blockchain to enhance equity, traceability, and efficiency in São Paulo’s coffee value chain.

Discussão

Findings reveal four farm stages: pre‑planting, cultivation, harvesting and post‑harvesting. Key actors include cooperatives, logistics providers, classifiers and technology firms offering GPS, drones and GIS for precision agriculture. Blockchain is poised to integrate these actors, ensuring end‑to‑end tracking of beans and fostering trust among buyers and regulators. Challenges include labor shortages, logistics, high-tech adoption costs, and monoculture risks. Comparative bibliometric clusters underscore socio‑environmental and commercial drivers shaping the coffee ecosystem.

Conclusão

This case study provides the first detailed mapping of a São Paulo coffee farm’s value chain, connecting empirical data to the global literature on blockchain technology. We demonstrate blockchain’s capacity to enhance traceability, quality control, and negotiation efficiency. While challenges like labor shortages and adoption costs persist, our framework offers a strategic overview for smallholders and policymakers to leverage digital innovation for sustainable competitiveness, suggesting future scalability testing.

Contribuição / Impacto

This study delivers three core contributions: (1) the first empirical framework of the value chain of a coffee farm in the interior of São Paulo exploring potential blockchain applications, detailing four stages and key actors; (2) analysis of blockchain’s potential to enable end‑to‑end traceability, transaction transparency and ESG compliance; and (3) integration of bibliometric clusters (e.g., sustainability and certifications) with practical challenges (e.g., labor shortages and logistics), yielding an actionable policy framework for digital agriculture and premium market access.

Referências Bibliográficas

Babu, Pradeepa BN et al., (2019). “Value chain upgrading strategies for integration of indian small coffee growers in global coffee value chain”, Economic Affairs, Vol. 64 No. 4, pp. 717–723.
Porter, Michael E (1985). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance, simon and schuster.

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